Interpret the findings where Flow cytometry is negative, Rosette Test is negative, and Kleihauer Betke is positive. What do they likely indicate?

The interpretation of the findings, where flow cytometry is negative, the rosette test is negative, and the Kleihauer-Betke test is positive, points to the presence of increased fetal hemoglobin (Hb F) in maternal cells.

The Kleihauer-Betke test is specifically used to detect fetal red blood cells (RBCs) in maternal blood by identifying fetal hemoglobin, which is stable and does not degrade in the same way as adult hemoglobin. A positive result in this test indicates that fetal cells are present in the maternal circulation.

Flow cytometry being negative suggests that there are no significant numbers of Rh-positive fetal cells detectable in a straightforward manner using this technique. Similarly, the negative rosette test serves to rule out the presence of larger quantities of fetal RBCs or Rh-positive cells, which might otherwise produce a positive result.

The finding that the Kleihauer-Betke test is positive, in conjunction with negative results in the other two tests, supports the idea that there are increased proportions of maternal cells containing Hb F, which could happen in cases of maternal-fetal hemorrhage, but the flow cytometry and rosette tests did not detect enough fetal cells to contribute to a positive result. This