What assay is primarily used to quantify the amount of serum proteins?

The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is a highly effective assay for quantifying serum proteins due to its sensitivity and specificity. This technique utilizes antibodies that are coated to a solid surface, such as a microplate, allowing for the binding of target proteins present in the serum samples. After the binding occurs, a second labeled antibody is introduced that binds to the target protein. The amount of detected label (often an enzyme that catalyzes a detectable reaction) is directly proportional to the concentration of the protein in the sample.

ELISA is particularly advantageous for serum protein quantification because it can be easily standardized, allowing for high-throughput screening and quantitative analysis across multiple samples. The technique is versatile and can be adapted for the detection of various proteins, including hormones, cytokines, and antibodies, making it a go-to assay in both clinical and research settings.

While other methods, such as Western blot or radioimmunoassay, are also used in protein quantification, they serve different purposes or involve more complex procedures. Western blot primarily focuses on protein identification and confirmation, while radioimmunoassay is older and less frequently used in modern laboratories because of safety concerns and the required handling of radioactive materials. Hemag